What is Periodontitis

What is Periodontitis

Periodontitis, often incorrectly referred to as periodontal disease, is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium. In contrast, periodontal disease is not inflammatory. Periodontitis can occur regardless of age, on just one or several teeth simultaneously, at varying speeds and in different degrees of severity. The cause of periodontitis is bacteria that accumulate between the tooth and gum. If these bacterial deposits (plaque) are not removed by thorough cleaning with a toothbrush and dental floss, they form a hard, bumpy deposit (tartar). If additional factors such as stress, smoking or another illness are added, an acute inflammatory reaction can occur. The gum is reddened, swollen and tends to bleed. The problem: due to the inflammation, oral hygiene is painful and may be further neglected, causing more bacteria to accumulate and migrate further along the tooth into the depths. Once in the pockets, it is no longer possible to remove them with conventional cleaning methods and the inflammation progresses. As the disease progresses, deep periodontal pockets form, a breeding ground for further bacteria. The immune system attempts to eliminate these bacteria. Various reactions occur, including the formation of substances (enzymes) intended to eliminate the pathogenic bacteria. However, these enzymes not only eliminate the harmful bacteria but also destroy the periodontium. In advanced stages, jawbone loss can occur and ultimately tooth loss. Without an intact periodontium, the tooth no longer has support in its socket (alveolus), it begins to loosen and may eventually be lost.

Special care
Periodontitis is more than a disease of the oral cavity. It is a risk factor for systemic diseases and a danger to teeth and body. Numerous studies now demonstrate the clear correlation between poor oral health and systemic diseases. According to scientific opinion, untreated periodontal diseases promote serious general diseases and significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular complaints, vascular diseases or strokes. Even with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, joint complaints or rheumatic arthritis and during pregnancy, the risk of periodontitis should be minimised.